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Legal Momentum, formerly known as NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, is the oldest legal advocacy group for women in the United States. Founded in 1970 as the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, a 501(c)3 nonprofit, by leaders of NOW. The organization changed its name to Legal Momentum in 2004. Legal Momentum is a liberal multi-issue organization dedicated to advancing women’s rights across the country. It is headquartered in New York City with an office in Washington, DC that focuses primarily on policy initiatives and legislative issues.〔See the (Safe at Work Coalition )'s membership roster.〕〔Legal Momentum, ('About' ) web page.〕〔See the U.S. Department of Justice's list: ''(Domestic Violence National Organizations ).''〕 ==Major initiatives and involvement== * Wins ''Sprogis v. United Airlines'' (marital status discrimination and age discrimination), 1971.〔(Sprogis v. United Airlines ), 517 F.2d 387 (Ct. App. 7th Cir.) 1975.〕 * Establishes the ''Judicial Appointment Project'' and the ''National Judicial Education Program'' to increase the number of female federal judges and eliminate gender bias in the courts, 1978-88.〔Because of this effort, the National Center for State Courts now has an entire (Resource Guide ) addressing gender-bias issues in the State courts. Legal Momentum's efforts in the federal courts resulted in the ''(Equal Justice for Women in the Courts Act of 1994. )''〕〔See Catherine Pierce's statement made as Acting Director of the U.S. Department of Justice's Office on Violence Against Women before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on June 10, 2009, section entitled 'Expanding Nationwide Training, Education, and Promising Practices Regarding Violence Against Women', subsection 2, ''Improving Judicial Response to Violence Against Women Through Judicial Institutes''.()〕〔And see Legal Momentum's account of its (task forces ).〕 The National Judicial Education Program continues to develop training materials () and provide training for judges, prosecutors, and multidisciplinary audiences nationwide in order to improve the handling of sexual assault cases.() * Wins ''Tallon v. Liberty Hose'', (women as firefighters and gender-bias), 1982.〔Tallon v. Liberty Hose Co. No. 1 , 485 A.2d 1209 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1984). (A volunteer fire department may be held liable under section 1983 for violating a plaintiff's constitutional rights.)〕 * ''Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards'' (workplace pornography constitutes sexual harassment), 1991 and 1995.〔(Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards ), 760 F. Supp. 1486; 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 4678; 136 L.R.R.M. 2920; 57 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 971; 55 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) P40,535.〕 * Crafts the ''Violence Against Women Act'', 1994, and its 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2013 reauthorizations. * Authors and works to enact the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, 1994. * Amicus curiae in United States v. Virginia involving the Virginia Military Institute's denial of admission to women, 1996. * Founded ''Women's eNews'' in 1999 as an online news service highlighting women's issues. * Lobbyist in favor of the Child and Dependent Care tax credit, 2001. * ''Apessos v. Memorial Press Group'', (employer's discrimination against abuse victim by denying leave from work to obtain protection orders is unlawful), 2002.〔Apessos v. Memorial Press Group, No. 01-1474-A, 2002 Mass. Super. LEXIS 404 (Mass. Super. Ct. Sept. 30, 2002).〕 * Amicus curiae in ''Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs'', 2003. * Argued United States v. The City of New York, (interpreting the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as applied to welfare recipients), 2004.〔Jonathan Rosenbloom, ''Do Welfare Workers Deserve Workplace Protection?'', Gotham Gazette, February 2003.()〕 * The National Judicial Education Program (NJEP) posts an extensive online course on an almost invisible issue with critical implications for risk assessment, ''Intimate Partner Sexual Abuse: Adjudicating This Hidden Dimension of Domestic Violence Cases''. Focused on judges but useful for multidisciplinary audiences, the online course is free and open to all, http://www.njep-ipsacourse.org, 2008. * Amicus curiae in "''U.S. v. Castleman''," (gun ownership by convicted domestic abusers), 2014; Supreme Court's opinion cited information from the amicus brief by National Network to End Domestic Violence, Legal Momentum, et. al.〔https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/12-1371〕 * Amicus curiae in "''Young v. UPS''," (workplace accommodations for pregnant workers), 2014; 〔https://www.legalmomentum.org/legal-cases/young-v-ups-us-supreme-court〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Legal Momentum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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